Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Software Requirements Specification free essay sample

Programming Requirements Specification For SYSTEM TO AUTOMATE PAYROLL PROCESSING Team individuals: CH. SAIKIRAN (08R01A0580)- CSE KANTAM RAMESH (08R01A0549)- CSE M. SAIMADHAVI - IT BATCH NO. : 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Conceptual 2. Prerequisites Specification (RS) 3. Database Fields Specification 4. Working Environment a. Programming Requirements b. Equipment Requirements 5. Elevated Level Design 6. Low Level Design a. Login b. Overseer c. Assistant d. Representative 7. Database Design 8. Experiments Abstract of the undertaking: Consider a medium measured IT foundation which deals with its own finance prerequisites. This undertaking will intend to build up a mechanized framework to pay workers their month to month compensation. The framework should store representative compensation subtleties and leave remittance. Toward the month's end the framework ought to naturally credit the employee’s ledger with their pay. Personal duty and advance installments ought to be deducted at source and suitable records credited. Pay slips ought to likewise be created. This framework can be coordinated with Leave and advance frameworks to give an all encompassing answer for the association. We will compose a custom exposition test on Programming Requirements Specification or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Necessities Specification (RS) |No. Prerequisite |Essential or |Description of the Requirement |Remarks | |Desirable | |RS1 |The framework ought to have a login for |Essential |A login box ought to show up when the framework is |The logins are alloted by the | |Administrator | |invoked for Administrator with his/her client |admin. | |name and secret phrase. | |RS2 |The framework ought to have a login for |Essential |A login box ought to show up when the framework is |The logins are relegated by the | |staff. | |invoked for Staff with his/her client name and |admin. | |password. | |RS3 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data kept up by | |employee data. |from end client. |admin. | |RS4 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Allowance data. | |from end client. |maintained by administrator. | |RS5 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ough t to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Standard Deductions data. | |from end client. |maintained by administrator. |RS6 |Data Entry screens to keep up |Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Attendance data. | |from end client. |maintained by assistant. | |RS7 |Data Entry screens to keep up Other|Essential |Online screens ought to be made with inputs |The data ought to be | |Deductions data. | |from end client. |maintained by | |Staff(clerk/representative). |RS8 |Automatic crediting of representative |Essential |These reports will made when a trigger is | |salary | |initiated by the client | |RS9 |Generation of Salary slip |Desirable |Different Depreciation philosophies ought to be| | |evaluated and uilt into the framework. The end | |user ought to be permitted to pick any one. | |RS10 |Generating Salary report |Desirable |Database can keep up the compensation reports | Database Fields Specification No. |Field Name |Data Type |Rema rks | |1 |Employee Number |Text |This is the key field of the database as it is | |unique for a representative. This will likewise fill in as | |the login for the framework. This is an essential key | |2 |Employee Name |Text |Special characters like underscore are not | |allowed. |3 |Email id |Text | |4 |Address |Memo | |5 |Contacts |Number | |6 |Designation |Text |Designation like Clerk, Emp and so forth | |7 |Qualification |Text |This indicates the Qualification of a worker | |8 |UName |Text | |9 |PWord |Text | |10 |DOR |Date/Time |Date of enrollment of a representative | |11 |Bsalary |Currency |Fixed sum according to worker | |12 |HRA |Text Primary key | |13 |PPA |Text | |14 |Maint_Allow |Text | |15 |SPL_Allow |Text | |16 |EDU_Allow |Text | |17 |Wash_Allow |Text | |18 |Sun_Allow |Text | |19 |EPF |Text |Primary key | |20 |VPF |Text | |21 |LIC |Text | |22 |Canteen |Text | |23 |Transport |Text | |24 |ITax |Text |According to annual duty rule | |25 |PTax |Text |Professional Tax is fixed according to strategy | |26 |AttndMonth |Text | Current Attendance month. | |27 |TotalDays |Number | |Total w orking days of an association for each month. |28 |PrsntDays |Number |Present Days of an Employee in current month. | |29 |AbsntDays |Number |Absent Days of an Employee in current month. | |30 |ExtraDays |Number |Extra working days of an Employee in current | |month | |31 |PayDays |Number |Payable days | |32 |EntryDate |Text |Attendance Entry date. |33 |HomeLoan |Number |25% of Basic compensation | |34 |EDULoan |Number |15% of Basic pay | |35 |HealthLoan |Number |5% of Basic pay | Operating Environment: Software Requirement: Operating System: Windows 2000 or Higher Service Pack: 2+ Platform: JAVA Language: HTML, JSP JDBC Database :MS Access Web server : Tomcat server Hardware Requirement (Minimum) Processor: PIV Ram: 128 Mb Hard Disk: 1 GB Monitor: VGA Color (256) High Level/Detailed Design (HLD/DD): a. Login : This module acknowledges the username and secret key which on approval passes the control to the separate module. This checks for the approved clients before signing in. b. Overseer: This module is for the head who keeps up the data of the representatives each related to special id numbers. c. Assistant: This module is for the staff to keep up the participation of the worker and produce the pay rates for that present month. d. Representative: This is for the worker who on signing in can see their essential pay, remittances and standard findings gave by the organization. Low Level Design The framework is part in to its structure segments. For every one of the parts, we give data in the accompanying configuration: 1. Login Module: This module acknowledges the username and secret key which on approval passes the control to the individual module. This checks for the approved clients before signing in. 2. Manager Module: This module is for the director who keeps up the data of the representatives each related to one of a kind id numbers. Their fundamental pay, stipend and standard reasoning rates are determined by the manager. He can see the pay reports of the chose representative for that month and for the given time frame. He can keep up the accompanying data a. Worker information set by director b. Set Allowances c. Set Standard reasonings. d. View Other reasonings. e. View Attendance data. f. View Salary Slip. 3. Representative: This module is for the staff to keep up the participation of the worker and produce the pay rates for that present month. The compensation reports for that month and over the given time frame can be seen by the staff. He can likewise see the worker data with remittance and Standard reasoning. Furthermore, he can see the other derivation and pay reports. He can keep up the accompanying data a. View Employee information. b. View Allowances data c. View Standard derivations. d. Set Other reasonings. e. Set Attendance data. f. Get ready Salary Slip. 4. Representative: This is for the representative who on signing in can see their essential compensation, recompenses and standard conclusions gave by the organization. They can determine their different conclusions like Insurance, home credits and so on which are to be deducted from the present month compensation. These subtleties are to be give by the worker before the pay date. Representative can likewise see the participation data, compensation slip and pay data. He can keep up the accompanying data a. View Employee data b. View Allowances c. View Standard conclusions. d. Set Other reasonings. e. View Attendance information. f. View Salary Slip. 5. Coordination with leave and credit framework if previously existing, else make screens to enter in leave and advance subtleties. 6. Credit Employee ledgers electronically. 7. Produce electronic or printed copies of pay slips. 8. Empower clients to alter annual duty subtleties as these may change much of the time. In general USECASE DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL SYSTEM: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR STAFF: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR ADMIN: [pic] USECASE DIAGRAM FOR EMPLOYEE: [pic]ACTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL: [pic] CLASS DIAGRAM FOR PAYROLL SYSTEM: [pic] Sequence and Collaboration Diagram for Login: [pic] Employee Info: [pic] Allowances: [pic]c [pic] Standard Deductions: [pic] Attendance Info: [pic] OtherDeductions: [pic] [pic]Database Design: Employee table |No. Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |Employee Number |Number |This is the key field of the database as it is | |unique for a worker. This will likewise fill in as | |the login for the framework. | |2 |Employee Name |Text |Special characters like underscore are not | |allowed. |3 |Address |Text | |4 |Contacts |Number | |5 |EMail |Text | |6 |Designation |Text |This indica tes the assignment in organization | |7 |Qualification |Text |This determines the Qualification of a representative | |8 |DOR |Date/Time |Date of enrollment of a worker | |9 |Bsalary |Currency |Fixed sum according to worker | |10 |UName |Text | |11 |PWord |Text | |12 |Status |Text | Allowance Table: |No. |Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |HRA |Number |Primary key. |2 |EDU_Allow |Number | |3 |Maint_Allow |Number | |4 |SPL_Allow |Number | |5 |Wash_Allow |Number | |6 | Sun_Allow |Number | Standard Deductions Table: |No. |Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |EPF |Number |Primary key. |2 |VPF |Number | |3 |LIC |Number | |4 |Canteen |Number | |5 |ITax |Number |According to personal expense rule | |6 |PTax |Number |Professional Tax is fixed according to strategy | Attendance Table: |No. Field Name |Data type |Remarks | |1 |EmpNo |Number |This is the key field of the database all things considered

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Ethical Analysis of News Issue

Question: Investigate moral examination of news issue. Answer: Worldwide Sustainability is alluded tothe newdivergence of the subject, which makes the association between future innovation, municipal building and sociology. There are numerous worldwide reasonable issues with extraordinary criticalness, which are, adjusting the fragile eco-frameworks, condition security, decrease of carbon discharges, restoring fuel source and so on. 1. Reasonable issue of worldwide noteworthiness: Generally, the worldwide maintainability alludes to securing biological and human wellbeing and common habitat alongside inventive thoughts without bargaining the way of life (Winzer, C., 2012). In this task, the chose feasible issue of worldwide criticalness is vitality security, which is a developing worry in rising and rich countries. 2. Natural component: Vitality securitydeals with the relationship between openness of characteristic hotspots for vitality usage and national security. The ecological component in this issue is regular vitality assets, similar to oil, sustainable power source, atomic force, petroleum gas and so on. (Mathews and Tan 2014). The world is utilizing the limited and tremendous measure of these common assets. The difficulties are as of now coming underway and extraction of these characteristic fills. The world relies upon these normal sources, all things considered, in top season or way off to top season. Because of these immense uses, the sources are getting restricted. This is prompting momentous vulnerabilities because of inconsistent dissemination of vitality assets among the countries. In this way, the monetary arrangement of those countries are relying upon the modest vitality frameworks. The creation and handling of these sources influencing the earth as far as contamination (Vivoda 2012). The tremendous interest of these energizes are making the countries to take the assistance of any sort of procedures, which have negative effects in nature. 3. Social component: Social component of this worldwide manageability is the social effect of vitality security. The vitality security is required because of significant industrialization in numerous countries, similar to China and India (Cherp et al. 2016). The fuel vitality assists with driving the entire society of a country in all viewpoints. The industrialization prompts speedy exhaustion of these sources much before their time. This issue has negative impacts in the general public. Because of this quick usage, the opposition may happen in the rising nations. This prompts other social obstructions, such as, depending on different nations, psychological warfare, cataclysmic event, mishaps, political shakiness in those nations (Bohi and Toman 2012). Thus, it is important to concentrate on the productive utilization of these characteristic vitality energizes. It will assist with keeping up the social equalization among those rising countries. It additionally impacts the public activity of the ordinary citizens in the countries. The average folks face unexpected value climbs anytime of their time because of this costly creation. While, the individuals are utilized in these creation businesses, however it ruins their public activity also (Mnsson et al. 2014). 4. Conservative component: The vitality security has major financial impact. The usage of these vitality sources offer ascent to the exhaustion of these sources. In the pinnacle of this usage, there is additionally very little creation of those regular powers. In this way, this situation is making the country to rely upon different nations for the gracefully of these fills (McCollum et al. 2014). This will impact on the financial structure of the country. The outside affordable trades will be created with the raising nations because of the dependence of these fills. In specific cases, the countries can consider their own creation of those petroleum products to extinguish the thirst of the turn of events. This creation likewise has extraordinary effect on the financial aspects of the country. 5. Moral issues because of worldwide maintainability: Subsequent to looking into the social, financial and ecological components, it is important to spare the common vitality assets. It should likewise be possible through supplanting with other characteristic vitality supplements with similar advantages. Such vitality supplements are wind vitality and atomic vitality (Rasul 2014). Because of the usage of these vitality assets, numerous moral issues have shown up in the manner. One such moral issue is the impact of the breeze vitality on the individuals of that specific territory. As indicated by certain individuals, these breeze turbine destinations are hopeful and lovely as it speaks to the nearby thriving and vitality on reliance. While the vast majority of the individuals of those regions contend that the huge, tall turbines ruin the scenes and produce uproarious commotion that associates their every day life (Aalto 2016). Those individuals over those zones guarantee to have a disorder called wind turbine condition, which is describe d by memory issues, discombobulation, humming/ringing, cerebral pain, rest unsettling influence and so forth. Another elective asset of fuel vitality is atomic vitality. As per the researchers, the emanation of one gram of Uranium 235 can create enough yield, which can enable the 100 watt to light to remain on persistently for two decades (Jewell et al. 2014). While consuming one gram of gas will deliver the vitality, which can put on the light just for eight minutes. This atomic vitality offers ascend to certain moral issues. It is seen that, introduction to the atomic emanation for an extensive stretch of time, offers ascend to variations from the norm in human bodies, as hereditary transformation. The radioactive components act like calcium in the human body, which is handily devoured through natural way of life. The body can not perceive between the radioactive components versus the solid part. Such model is Iodine 131, which is the radioactive form of solid component (Bohi and Montgomery 2015). The body can not separate between these two components and lead to hereditary change or malig nant growth. 6. Pertinent moral hypothesis: In the wake of investigating these two moral issues, it very well may be said that the moral hypothesis, which is applicable to these issues are humanistic hypothesis (Belkin et al. 2013). Two notable clinicians, to be specific, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are popular for this hypothesis. As per this hypothesis, individuals are liable for their exercises and lives. They have all the will and opportunity to change their conduct and mentalities. In these two recognized moral issue, it is seen that at last individuals are capable behind these issues and they are the main answers for resolve these issues through their practices and perspectives (Gracceva and Zeniewski 2014). 7. Dangers and openings: Like other worldwide supportability issues, vitality security displays both critical chance and dangers in any industry. Certain case of that industry is fuel industry. The advanced world rely upon this huge vitality flexibly as far as wellbeing and security framework to correspondence, transportation. As indicated by the master, behind every calorie of the created food in the cutting edge world, ten calories of gas and oil are put resources into the types of running homestead gear, transportation, bundling, pesticide, manure and so forth. Vitality additionally lays a urgent job in the national security of any country, as it is used to drive any security motor. Because of this enormous usage, the fuel business is focusing on the counterfeit creation of these energizes. This creation has numerous dangers. As a matter of first importance, the opposition happens among the creating nations. This levels of popularity of the powers climb the costs of the energizes, which impacts the everyd ay citizens all things considered. In light of this opposition, the unfortunate competition happens among the activities, which prompts psychological oppression, cataclysmic events, mishaps (Johansson 2013). The most widely recognized danger in the fuel business is modern danger. It very well may be characterized as the danger of mishaps at the creation zone. This can be a psychological oppressor assault or can be panned by rival nations to limit the creation of the fuel. The other mechanical danger is the existence danger of the laborers. Both the regular and counterfeit fuel extraction enterprises are on the high hazard as the fills are profoundly combustible. It can prompt any sort of mishaps without any problem. The related laborers in those ventures have high hazard to lose their lives anytime of the life. Along these lines, this is an extraordinary danger for both the country and the groups of the laborers. Alongside the dangers, this fuel creation industry additionally shows chances to the individuals of the country. Because of the levels of popularity, the creating countries can proceed with the creation. They get the enormous opportunity to explore different avenues regarding different other fuel assets and their use (Awerbuch 2014). Step by step, the country is advanced with their creative thoughts. This additionally gives the tremendous chance to the everyday citizens, who can find the opportunity to work in those ventures. By and large, the country turns out to be exceptionally perceived with their imaginative creation and can be high positioned on the planet. 8. A moral and reasonable arrangement: In the wake of exploring this entire worldwide manageable issue, it is seen that it offers ascend to numerous reasons of unreasonableness and step by step it is prompting the dishonest activities. So as to address these issue, numerous economical and moral inquires about are directed, which can support the issues through settling them. One such model is the creation of biofuel (Zebda et al. 2013). The biofuel is characterized as the fuel, which can be gotten from any natural item in anaerobic assimilation or agribusiness. The creation of biofuel is a contemporary procedure. This fuel is created either from mechanical, household, horticultural and business squanders or plants straightforwardly. This biofuel creation not just arrangements with the moral and manageable issues, yet in addition it tends to different obstructions like, money related, mechanical and conduct hindrances. The biofuel creation settle the budgetary hindrance from multiple points of view. As a matter of first imp ortance, the creation procedure costs significantly less than the creation of other non-renewable energy sources, similar to coal, oil and so forth in a ge

Wednesday, July 29, 2020

What Hemingway, Twain and King Can Teach Us About Blogging - Focus

What Hemingway, Twain and King Can Teach Us About Blogging - Focus Writing a blog post is not the same as writing a Great American Novel, yet some of the best writing advice ever shared applies as much to blogging as it does to other literary genres. Read on to find out what acclaimed authors such as Ernest Hemingway, Mark Twain and Stephen King can teach us all about good writing: Photo: Ernest Hemingway on his typewriter All you have to do is write one true sentence. Write the truest sentence that you know.Ernest Hemingway The hardest part of writing an article is often getting started. Writer’s block isn’t some made-up condition authors use to hide laziness; it’s a common problem that most people in creative professions suffer from on occasion. The American novelist and Nobel prize winner Ernest Hemingway found a great way to deal with this issue. He would calmly remind himself that he had always managed to write and that he could do so again â€" all he needed to do was to start with one true sentence that he either knew or had seen or heard someone say. The first draft of everything is shit.Ernest Hemingway Hemingway’s words are harsh but honest. Professional writers know that there’s hardly such a thing as getting it “right” on the first try. Your first draft is merely a way to get your ideas on paper (or screen) and to help you see what it really is you want to say. Once you know for sure what that is, it’s time to rewrite. When you write a story, you’re telling yourself the story. When you rewrite, your main job is taking out all the things that are not the story.Stephen King King’s advice is as true for blog posts as it is for the countless works of fiction this best-selling author has produced in his life. Ernest Hemingway’s advice to “Write drunk, edit sober” reflects the same idea. What you  can do: After finishing the first draft of your blog post, read the text again and deliberately search for information that goes beyond the scope of the article or could potentially confuse your reader. I notice that you use plain, simple language, short words and brief sentences. That is the way to write English â€" it is the modern way and the best way. Stick to it; don’t let fluff and flowers and verbosity creep in.Mark Twain This advice comes from the man who wrote the Great American Novel ‘Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ and whose words ring particularly true in our time, where texts are being consumed on ever smaller screens by people who have less and less time for ‘fluff and flowers’. What you can do: Once you’ve trimmed down your text to what’s really important to your story, it’s time to look at what’s left and how you can improve it. Tip: Don’t try to force people into reading your article word for word. Most people on the internet are skimmers, and  if they cant find the information they’re looking for quickly, they will leave your page and move on. Accommodate skimmers by using the following best practices: Use short words and sentences Make important keywords stand out Use meaningful H2s to structure your article Add bulleted lists Use images to keep readers engaged You learn best by reading a lot and writing a lot.Stephen King Talent, an affinity for language, and the right motivation all play a role in your success as a writer. But like most things in life, writing is a skill that has to be acquired and practiced. You don’t have to get a PhD in English Literature to become a successful blogger, but you can learn a lot from the successes and failures of your peers, both in terms of style, format, and content. What you  can do: Make it a habit to follow bloggers who cover your niche and actively analyze their articles â€" particularly the ones that are getting the most attention. Are there any other great writing tips from famous authors that are missing in this post? Share them in the comments below! Brainstorm and outline blog posts visually Try MindMeister Its Free! Try MindMeister See also: A Guide to Story Telling with Mind Maps

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Abraham Lincoln s Childhood - 1317 Words

Summary The book starts with talking about Abraham Lincoln’s childhood. Abraham was born in Nolan Creek, Kentucky in 1809, to his parents Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln. Abraham s father Thomas was described as â€Å"a tinker- a piddler- always doing but doing nothing great† (2). During his childhood, the family would move several times, first to Indiana and later to Illinois. Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks, died when he was still a boy. The following year his father, Thomas remarried to Sarah Bush Johnston, because he needed help taking care of the motherless children. Lincoln and his stepbrother John Johnston and his cousin John Hanks were employed to move goods down the Ohio River. Soon afterward, he moved to New Salem, Illinois. For the most part this was Lincoln decision to leave his father forever. After arriving In New Salem he described himself as â€Å"a piece of floating driftwood that had washed up on the towns shores† (11) In New Salem Lincoln set up as a store clerk to try to support himself. When the Black Hawk War broke out in 1832, he became the captain of his volunteer company, serving but seeing no active duty â€Å"never even saw a hostile Indian† (17). After serving in the Black Hawk war, Lincoln made first his first run for elected office. In his first run he was unsuccessful, but two years later, he ran again and was victorious At the same time as his political success, Lincoln s law career also began to flourish. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and moved toShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1036 Words   |  5 Pages8 4 December, 2015 Abraham Lincoln Research Paper Rough Draft One of the most revered men in US history was Abraham Lincoln. Everything he did throughout his life helped shape our country. He tirelessly worked to purge the country of slavery. He showed the country the importance of remembering those that died for our freedom. He never thought about himself, he always thought of others. Abraham Lincoln helped change America forever. When you look at Abraham Lincolns childhood you would never expectRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Was A True Abolitionist1383 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln was a true abolitionist; he was very committed to the end of slavery in America even though people thought differently of him. Lincoln spent a majority of his presidency making sure slavery, if it wasn’t during his term, was abolished for good. A man like this could never be classified as a racist, because his actions speak louder than words. Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky in 1809. His parents were in low the social class and they didn’t make a good income at the time. DuringRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The American War1696 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln Listeni/ˈeÉ ªbrÉ™hà ¦m ˈlÉ ªÃ…‹kÉ™n/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis.[1][2] In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on theRead MoreLincolns Emancipation Proclamation Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 to April 14, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States and is regarded as one of America s greatest heroes due to his role as savior of the Union and emancipator of the slaves. His rise from humble beginnings to achieving the highest office in the land is a remarkable story. He was suddenly and tragically assassinated at a time when his country needed him to complete the great task remaining before the nation. His eloquence of democracy and insistence thatRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln933 Words   |  4 PagesSynopsis Regarded as one of the United States of America greatest heroes, Abraham Lincoln is famous for his unique appeal and incredible impact on the nation. He was the United States 16th president. His story is an astounding one rising from a humble background to become the most powerful man the land. However, at the time when his country needed him most, a tragic and sudden death strikes him. He is assassinated. He left a legacy that endured due to his unique humane personality as a leader ofRead MoreLincoln Memorial Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesHaving only read about the Lincoln memorial, I never had the chance to experience the sensation of being inside such an honorable place of importance. The imposing white marble walls of the memorial and the many people surrounding it could be seen from afar. Arriving at the location, an unknown feeling came over me. I was experiencing history in a whole different level. When I think about a memorial, the term remembrance comes to mind. Seeing the statue of Abraham Lincoln brought pieces of memoriesRead MoreLincoln, Grant, And Whitman1605 Words   |  7 PagesLincoln, Grant, and Whitman Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and Walt Whitman all represent a period of time in which the United States was embroiled in turmoil. From the year 1861 to 1865, the Union army from the North battled the Confederacy of the South, and when it came to an end at the Appomattox Courthouse, over 620,000 men had lost their lives (Civil War Casualties, n.d.). President Abraham Lincoln had finally found a general he could trust in Ulysses S. Grant, who had forced the surrenderRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1521 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he becameRead MoreThe Fiery Trial Book Review Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Fiery Trial† Book Review By the time Lincoln took the oath of office on March 4, 1861, he addressed a divided nation (Ch. 5 pg. 164). The United States was going through hard times of dealing with slavery in the 1800’s. Slavery was the hot topic in politics of that time period just as the debate over abortion or gay marriage is today. The issue over slavery really grew in the early 1860’s; around the time President Abraham Lincoln took office. Lincoln became president and kept his own personalRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Greatest Heroes1250 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln is refered to as one of America s greatest heroes due to both his incredible impact on the nation and his unique appeal. His most rememberal story of the rise from humble beginnings to achieve the highest office in the land, then, a sudden and tragic death at a time when his country needed him most to complete the great task remaining before the nation. Lincoln s distinctively human and humane personality and historical r ole as savior of the Union and emancipator of the slaves creates

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Magazine Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Magazine Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About Magazine Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained Article writing techniques are something it is possible to learn how to do should you apply yourself. Utilizing great description is among the many keys to success on your way to becoming an excellent writer. Utilizing a plagiarised content when paying less have zero meaning. Among the various styles of writing, academic and non-academic are the most frequently used styles. Magazine Essay Samples Most formal letters aren't very long. There are two sorts of Personal Statement. Writing an official letter is easy as soon as you learn the suitable format. Writing style is just one of the most significant aspects in writing. Make certain to read your essay and make certain it is logical. The principal portion of a brief essay is known as the body. Your essay is going to be the most important paper you will ever write. High school essays are structured very similarly no matter the topic and superior essay structure will let you write a very clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. The magazine gives list of exhibition schedules to covered in a particular time. Before you pitch, be aware of what the publication has paid writers previously. As an issue of fact a well written article can be an extremely great way to create traffic for your internet enterprise. Unique editors at the very same publication are often searching for different things. What many successful writers on the online today know is that you wish to incorporate some of the most crucial information at the very start of your article. If you write your articles with the aim of generating traffic for your business you will locate article marketing to be an extremely profitable means to advertise your company. Advertisement through the media has the ability to reach a wide number of audience. Article marketing has turned into one of the most well-known methods to promote an online business on account of the very low promotion costs involved. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Magazine Essay Samples Many people think that high school entrance essays are rather simpler to write than college entrance essays, that's the reason there are fewer places where you could get assistance with higher school entrance essays. Our celebration wouldn't be complete without your presence. After all, it might be sunny on a cold winter day, or it might be a true scorc her in the center of July. Also, it's worthy to bear in mind that in college, most students pick up part-time jobs while some participate in collegiate sports and other extracurricular pursuits. Deficiency of time Unlike in high school, students don't have lots of time to compose essays in college. Consequently, most students prefer to look for external aid so as to increase their grades. Fully being a happy high school student wouldn't be possible without my loved ones. You should find the correct resources for your essay along with patience when finding the most suitable inspiration to write. You begin by asking a question, which is a great way to get started. One of my favourite things about writing is that there isn't any correct or wrong answer. In truth, it can be both positive and negative based on how you attack the topic. It is possible to summarize the entire essay. Don't forget that you're NOT writing your opinion on the subject. First and foremost it's imperative to be sure you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. If you observe the particular example through, it's simpler for the reader to determine what you mean. The Key to Successful Magazine Essay Samples Quizzes which you will rate your search. Test differ from a few links that you ought to be scored. Practice tests are the best method to receive ready. Taking sample tests is an excellent means to prepare. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which causes unfinished essay assignments and ends in a poor grade. These questions vary. Thus choosing an expert for doing your essays could be the best option. Evaluate their responses will need to pass the ged test, and the way to compose your extended. Critical essays permit you to use your critical thinking abilities. With this kind of a huge name behind them, Essay Edge has plenty of credibility.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Discuss the Relationship Between Stress and the Immune System Free Essays

Discuss the relationship between stress and the immune system (12) Cohen et al (1993) investigated the role of general life stress on the vulnerability to the common cold virus. 394 participants completed a questionnaire about the number of stressful events that occurred the previous year. They were also asked to rate the degree of stress and level of negative emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Relationship Between Stress and the Immune System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three scores were combined together to make what Cohen called a stress index. The participants were then exposed to the common cold virus and 82% became infected. The results showed that the chance of developing a cold was significantly correlated with stress index. Cohen et al concluded that life stress and negative emotions reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. However a criticism of this study would be that there was no direct manipulation of the independent variable which was the stress index, so a cause and effect relationship cannot be confirmed. Also, it’s not easy to tell if whether the participants who reported sick was due to stress or other extraneous variables. Kiecolt-Glaser et al (1984) also investigated the impact of life stressors on the immune system. The participants were 75 medical students who were preparing for final exams. The natural killer (NK) cell activity was measured to use as an index of immune function. Measures of NK cell activity were recorded from blood samples 1 month before exams and one during exam period. Participants also completed a questionnaire on experience of negative life events and social isolation. The results showed that NK cell activity was significantly lower on high stress blood samples in comparison to low stress samples. Additionally, the greatest reductions were in students who had higher levels of social isolation. Kiecolt-Glaser concluded that examination stress reduces immune function thus making people more vulnerable to illnesses and infections. A criticism of this study would be that there was no manipulation of the independent variable so the cause and effect relationship cannot be confirmed. Also, the experiment cannot be generalised as it used medical students therefore the results are specific only to medical students and when used on others the results may be significantly different. How to cite Discuss the Relationship Between Stress and the Immune System, Essay examples

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Smoking essay argumentative essay on banning tobacco

Smoking has a quite long history. European discovered tobacco when they arrived in America. They saw Indians chewing leaves of this plant there. It was the beginning of the story. Now 36.5 million adults in the United States have such a habit. And many of them may know that quitting smoking is difficult enough. There’re a lot of ways to stop it but they do for not all people. So, smoking essay can hardly persuade somebody to quit this habit. Perhaps banning tobacco is a possible way to decrease a number of smoking population. Smoking essay: What should be mentioned? As it has been already said, the law banning tobacco could help fight against this habit. But it’s necessary for the author to be unbiased. So, argumentative essay banning tobacco should mention cons and pros of the law, especially consequences. Let’s start with positive aspects. First of all, a law is a stricter and more effective than a social advertisement. A crowd can be controlled only with its help. We can imagine that this law provides several month or one year in jail. Then people would think better whether they really need smoking. A mulct is also a good idea but it will work in countries where population has a low paying capacity. The next advantage of banning tobacco law that should be mentioned in a smoking cigarettes essay is that lawbreakers can perform a community service. But this way has also some cons. If there’s a prohibition, there will be also those people who go against it. Remember the Prohibition in the 1920-s-1930-s. Americans searched for different ways to evade the law. Producing of alcohol was a business of gangsters. So prohibition fed criminality. You can also say in your essay on tobacco that every person has right to decide what life style to choose. If this activity doesn’t harm anybody, it can exist. So, here it’s time to mention in an argumentative essay on smoking those cases when adults give a cigarette to their children. Unfortunately, these actions are really hard to control. Argumentative essay on smoking: If not banning then perhaps revealing consequences? Sure enough effects of smoking essay are extremely insignificant. So, in this case social advertisement might have some influence on people. It’s also useful to make smoking speech at schools because children should understand probable consequences. Many posters, short videos and other methods to influence people have not so immediate effect but it bears fruits. Smoking effects essay also helps its author to reflect on this unhealthy habit. Do not forget to give your own opinion on the theme in your smoking argumentative essay. You should be unbiased but your thoughts are also very important. Even if you think there’s nothing wrong in this habit, this article will help you to write an essay for smoking.

Friday, March 20, 2020

Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes

Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes Character ArtArt is the path of the creator to his work. ChallengeAs long as a man stands in his own way, everything seems to be in his way. BeliefBelief consists in accepting the affirmations of the soul; unbelief in denying them. CharacterCharacter is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well to think. ArtClassic art was the art of necessity: modern romantic art bears the stamp of caprice and chance. CommitmentConcentration is the secret of strength in politics, in war, in trade, in short in all management of human affairs. AttitudeCoolness and absence of heat and haste indicate fine qualities. AdventureDo not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. CharacterEach man takes care that his neighbor shall not cheat him. But a day comes when he begins to care that he does not cheat his neighbor. Then all goes well - he has changed his market-cart into a chariot of the sun. ConfidenceEvery man has his own courage, and is betrayed because he seeks in himself the courage of other people. AmbitionHitch your wagon to a star. CharacterIf you would lift me up you must be on higher ground. CharacterIf you would not be known to do anything, never do it. ChallengeIt was high counsel that I once heard given to a young person: Always do what you are afraid to do. CharacterJudge of your natural character by what you do in your dreams. CharacterMake the most of yourself, for that is all there is of you. CharacterNo change of circumstances can repair a defect of character. AmbitionNo one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourself. CalmnessNothing can bring you peace but yourself; nothing, but the triumph of principles. CalmnessPeace cannot be achieved through violence, it can only be attained through understanding. BeliefSelf-trust is the essence of heroism. ConfidenceSelf-trust is the first secret of success. BirthdaySo much of our time is preparation, so much is routine, and so much retrospect, that the path of each mans genius contracts itself to a very few hours. AdventureThe invariable mark of wisdom is to see the miraculous in the common. ArtThe sower may mistake and sow his peas crookedly; the peas make no mistake, but come up and show his line. AttitudeThis time like all times is a very good one if we but know what to do with it AttitudeTo be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment. BeliefTo believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in our private heart is for all men - that is genius. AttitudeTo different minds, the same world is a hell, and a heaven. AmbitionWe aim above the mark to hit the mark. AttitudeWhat lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. CharacterWhat you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say. ActionWhat you do speaks so loudly that I cannot hear what you say CommunicationWho you are is speaking so loudly that I cant hear what youre saying. CharacterWho you are speaks so loudly I cant hear what youre saying. AmbitionWithout ambition one starts nothing. Without work one finishes nothing. The prize will not be sent to you. You have to win it. CommitmentYou cannot do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late. AttitudeYour own mind is a sacred enclosure into which nothing harmful can enter except by your permission.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

A Brief History of Steamboats

A Brief History of Steamboats The era of the steamboat began in the late 1700s, thanks initially to the work of Scotsman James Watt. In 1769, Watt patented an improved version of the steam engine that helped usher in the Industrial Revolution and spurred  other inventors to explore how steam technology could be used to propel ships. Watts pioneering efforts would eventually revolutionize transportation. The First Steamboats John Fitch was the first to build a steamboat in the United States. His initial 45-foot craft successfully navigated the Delaware River on August 22, 1787. Fitch later built a larger vessel to carry passengers and freight between Philadelphia and Burlington, New Jersey. After a contentious battle with rival inventor James Rumsey over similar steamboat designs, Fitch was ultimately granted his first United States patent for a steamboat on August 26, 1791. He was not, however, awarded a monopoly, leaving the field open for Rumsey and other competitive inventors. Between 1785 and 1796, Fitch constructed four different steamboats that successfully plied rivers and lakes to demonstrate the feasibility of steam power for water locomotion. His models utilized various combinations of propulsive force, including ranked paddles (patterned after Indian war canoes), paddle wheels, and screw propellers. While his boats were mechanically successful, Fitch failed to pay sufficient attention to construction and operating costs. After losing investors to other inventors, he was unable to stay afloat financially.   Robert Fulton,  the Father of Steam Navigation   Before turning his talents to the steamboat, American inventor Robert Fulton had successfully built and operated a submarine in France but it was his talent for turning steamboats into a commercially viable mode of transportation that earned him the title of the father of steam navigation. Fulton was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1765. While his early education was limited, he displayed considerable artistic talent and inventiveness. At the age of 17, he moved to Philadelphia, where he established himself as a painter. Advised to go abroad due to ill health, in 1786, Fulton moved to London. Eventually, his lifelong interest in scientific and engineering developments, especially in the application of steam engines, supplanted his interest in art.   As he applied himself to his new vocation, Fulton secured English patents for machines with a wide variety of functions and applications. He also began to show a marked interested in the construction and efficiency of canal systems. By 1797, growing European conflicts led Fulton to begin work on weapons against piracy, including submarines, mines, and torpedoes. Soon after, Fulton moved to France, where he took up work on canal systems. In 1800, he built a successful diving boat which he named the Nautilus but there was not sufficient interest, either in France or England, to induce Fulton to pursue any further submarine design.   Fultons passion for steamboats remained undiminished, however. In 1802, he contracted with Robert Livingston to construct a steamboat for use on the Hudson River. Over the next four years, after building prototypes in Europe, Fulton returned to New York in 1806. Robert Fultons Milestones On August 17, 1807, the Clermont, Robert Fultons first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, serving as the inaugural commercial steamboat service in the world. The ship traveled from New York City to Albany making history with a 150-mile trip that took 32 hours at an average speed of about five miles per hour. Four years later, Fulton and Livingston designed the New Orleans and put it into service as a passenger and freight boat with a route along the lower Mississippi River. By 1814, Fulton, together with Robert Livingston’s brother, Edward, was offering regular steamboat and freight service between New Orleans, Louisiana, and Natchez, Mississippi. Their boats traveled at rates of eight miles per hour downstream and three miles per hour upstream. Steamboats Rise Cant Compete with Rail In 1816, when inventor Henry Miller Shreve launched his steamboat, Washington, it could complete the voyage from New Orleans to Louisville, Kentucky in 25 days. But steamboat designs continued to improve, and by 1853, the New Orleans to Louisville trip took only four and a half days. Steamboats contributed greatly to the economy throughout the eastern part of the United States as a means of transporting agricultural and industrial supplies. Between 1814 and 1834, New Orleans steamboat arrivals increased from 20 to 1,200 each year. These boats transported passengers, as well as cargoes of cotton, sugar, and other goods. Steam propulsion and railroads developed separately but it was not until railroads adopted steam technology that rail truly began to flourish. Rail transport was faster and not as hampered by weather conditions as water transport, nor was it dependent on the geographical constraints of predetermined waterways. By the 1870s, railroads- which could travel not only north and south but east, west, and points in between- had begun to supplant steamboats as the major transporter of both goods and passengers in the United States.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Highway engineering 1 (civil) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Highway engineering 1 (civil) - Assignment Example The street linked Clark Street (New Lynn) with the Windsor road (New Windsor). Due to the increase of Auckland population, an upgrade for the arterial road was needed. The upgrade has several merits, benefitting the commuters and residential properties. The Tiverton/Wolverton route is an important district arterial route linking the town centre development with SH20 and the airport route. The project route carries 25000 Annual Average Daily Traffic at Wolverton and with the SH20 connected to SH1, the route experiences severe traffic congestion during the day and peak hours. The congestion was raised in the national papers in September 2010. The Tiverton/Wolverton route is identified in the National Land Transport Programme 2009-2012 as a high priority project committed for the 2010 construction period. The NZTA identified the route to Auckland Council as one of the route to be upgraded before the Waterview Connection Highway 20. The project will improve east west linkage for the city. The 2012-15 National Land Transport Programme (NLTP) in collaboration with Auckland Transport and other partners aimed to increase commutation for commuters around Auckland and improve efficiency in movement of freights. The programme aimed at investing in constructing the Western Ring Route, Auckland Manukau Eastern Transport Initiative (AMETI), improve road network to enable accessibility to motor vehicles, and upgrade of public transport modes such as rail, bus, and ferry services. NLTP has contributed to the safety, efficiency and resilience of Auckland Transport network through construction of Tiverton/Wolverton Road upgrade project. Safety investments create a transport system that eradicates human error which costs life through the four parts of a Safe System; safe roads and road sides, safe speeds, safe vehicles, and safe road use. The Tiverton/Wolverton Upgrade has delivered long-term benefits to the residents living and

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Reducing Video games with Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reducing Video games with Children - Essay Example The repetition and consistency of the violent games, such as Death Race, Mortal Combat and Doom, that include reward system is effective tool of learning how to behave. No wonder, children who enjoy playing violent games are said to be able to commit violent crimes in future, thus, increasing the number of violent people in society. Excessive playing of video games isolates children from normal social life, as well as does not leave any time for doing homework or sporting. Video games are believed to give children wrong values, such as violent behavior, vengeance and unmotivated aggression, since these are rewarded (Gardner, 2012). Video games seem not to entertain good values such as negotiation, nonviolent solutions and portrayal of women as weaker and sexually provocative beings. Children playing video games are not able to differentiate between realism and fantasy. Playing video games may also affect academic performance of a child because most of the time is taken on video games . Students may even skip their homework to play games as well as taking lots of time arguing with their tutors and their friends. Video games played online are said to make children imitate terrible languages and behaviors in real life, which does not make communication any easier. Playing video games further damages long time concentration of children and may have bad effects on kid’s health. ... Counter-argument However, there are some positive effects of video games that should also be addressed. Video games assist in exercising the brain of the kids due to the skills and tactics required to win the games. These skills and tactics require high level thinking which is not taught in schools. The mental skills acquired while playing video games include problem solving skills, eye coordination and fine motor and spatial skills. Other skills acquired are accuracy, quick thinking, and situational awareness, development of reading skills, perseverance, pattern recognition and inductive reasoning. Playing video games may create bonding between the parent and the kid especially games that are attractive to kids and adults. This may make a parent learn new and hidden things about a child. Kids enjoy learning through video games because of the interactivity and animations used, thus, motivating the kid to keep on practicing. Video games aid children in developing creativity skills. Pl aying video games improve the decision making process in children. These games help people in making choices. These games are also believed to enhance self confidence and self esteem since the levels of games are adjustable starting from the easy one to the most challenging ones. Video games played by several players help kids to work cooperatively by listening to other people’s ideas. Moreover, playing video games is much better compared to other immoral behaviors such as doing drugs and drinking alcohol (Nauert, 2013). Response to Counter-arguments: Due to the advantages obtained from playing video games, a kid should be closely monitored on the kind of

Saturday, January 25, 2020

The symbolism of fire in literature

The symbolism of fire in literature Looking Past the Smokescreen â€Å"Fire represents many things to many people and cultures. It is recognized as a purifier, a destroyer and as the generative power of life, energy and change. It represents illumination and enlightenment, destruction and renewal, spirituality and damnation† (Varner). Throughout history, fire became a very significant element in the principle of human development because of its versatility, such as lighting, communicating, and protection from predators. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury takes the representation of fire to a whole new level. Imagine living in a world where people are not in control of their own thoughts. Imagine living in a society populated by non-readers, people with no sense of their own history, a government that has banned books. Imagine being Guy Montag, a fireman in Fahrenheit 451 who burns books for a living. In Montag’s world, firemen produce fires instead of eliminating them to destroy any works of literature, for they promote creativity and free thinking, which is a threat to the government. Set in the 24th century, in the midst of a nuclear war, this dystopian novel tells the story of a futuristic period of time when books are illegal, and the punishment for whoever holds one in possession is to have his books and house burned to ashes. While walking home from work, Montag meets a young, bright girl named Clarisse. She tells him that firemen once used to put fires out instead of starting them, which he thinks to be nonsense. Later on, Montag realizes that fire can mean much more than what he uses it for. Throughout the novel, fire is present to imply several meanings that can be made explicit by referring to destruction, warmth and beauty, and resurrection. Fire seems to have many symbols throughout the novel, but the most recognisable is destruction. At the beginning of the book, Montag is shown as a fireman that is filled with pleasure as books are burned. The very first passage in the novel states, â€Å"It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (Bradbury, 1). This narration by Montag expresses his love for fire and the ruin that follows. Fire is destruction, fire is power. One flame can burn a whole house down to the ground. After meeting Clarisse, she asks about his job, his marriage, why he burns books, and if he is truly happy. Being faced with these questions, Montag realizes that he is not happy with his life, and he thinks that books might contain answers for the reason of his unhappiness. Although he is an enforcer of the law of books being banned, Montag is found a lawbreaker himself. Later in the novel, Montag starts stealing a couple of books from collections he is sent to burn. He brings these books home and hides them in the furnace, secretly reading them day by day. However, his wife Mildred has a different point of view when it comes to books; she did not quiet agree with her husband’s actions. One day, Montag leaves for work, not knowing that his wife has other arrangements. While on the job, the alarm goes off, meaning another house to burn. Montag realizes that the address shown on the screen of the alarm, is his own. Once he arrives with his co-workers at their destination, he sees his wife driven away in a taxi with a suitcase. He realizes that his wife must have called in the alarm on him. Beatty, the captain of the fire department, orders Montag to burn his own house with his flamethrower. In the process of burning the house, Montag narrates, â€Å"The house fell in red coals and black ash. It bedded itself down in sleepy pink gray cinders and a smoke plume blew over it† (Bradbury, 54). At that moment , it is evident that Montag sees fire as a negative force, a destructive nature of firemen. Although Montag sees pleasure in burning in the beginning of the novel, his view of fire changes to destruction when he loses his books and home. In contrast to destruction, in the course of the novel, Montag’s opinion on fire changes once more, making him interpret fire to be beautiful and a source of warmth. It is beauty. â€Å"He hadnt known fire could look this way. He had never thought in his life that it could give as well as take. Even its smell was different† (Bradbury, 68). In his eyes, everything about fire cried beauty, from its intense colours to its dancing flames. Another way fire is expressed to be beautiful is when Beatty says, â€Å"Its real beauty is that it destroys responsibility and consequences. A problem gets too burdensome, then into the furnace with it† (Bradbury, 53). The reason to why books are burned is because the government wants its people to not worry about problems, for it is believed that with too much knowledge comes responsibilities and complications. After breaking the law, Montag runs away and finds a camp fire where he meets a man named Granger and many other intellec tuals. He realizes that the camp fire was welcoming, much different than he has always known it to be, destructive. He is surprised by his thought when he sits around the fire with the others by narrating, â€Å"It was not burning; it was warming! He saw many hands held to its warmth, hands without arms, hidden in darkness [†¦] How long he stood he did not know [†¦] He stood a long time, listening to the warm crackle of the flames† (Bradbury, 68). Through the symbol of ‘the hearth’, which is usually found in the centre of homes as a source of heat, it is revealed that fire can be warming as well. Although at the beginning of the book, Montag has a love for the destructive side of fire, by the end of his journey, he is able to see a beautiful, warming side to it. Equally important, fire gives a symbolic meaning of resurrection when referring to the Phoenix. There was a silly damn bird called a Phoenix back before Christ: every few hundred years he built a pyre and burned himself up. He must have been first cousin to Man. But every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself born all over again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury, 76). After the nuclear war and the bombing of the city, Granger associates mankind with the Phoenix bird that burns itself up in flames and is reborn out of its ashes. â€Å"It looks like were doing the same thing, over and over, but weve got one damn thing the Phoenix never had. We know the damn silly thing we just did. We know all the damn silly things weve done for a thousand years, and as long as we know that and always have it around where we can see it, someday well stop making the goddam funeral pyres and jumping into the middle of them. We pick up a few more people that remember, every generation (Bradbury, 76). The difference between humans and the phoenix is that humans have the ability to identify their mistakes, and are aware of not committing them over and over again. The fire brings the death of old, and the birth of new. This similarity is effective because it provides the reader with a sense of self-renewed hope for humankind. In the last section of the novel, fire is represented as the rebirth of mankind by building another society where man would embrace knowledge instead of be afraid of it. Destruction, warmth and beauty, and resurrection are three of the most noticeable representation of fire in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. At first, Montag only knows the damaging power of fire, yet gradually comes to appreciate that fire can be engaging and renewing. The author uses the symbol of fire as a destructive force by burning books and homes of characters in the novel. When Montag realizes that fire can be used for more than just destroying houses, he associates it with warmth and beauty. Last but not least, the Phoenix signifies fire because it destroys itself in flames and is then reborn, just as Montag’s world is destroyed by the nuclear weapons in order to start a new beginning. Ray Bradbury was telling us that fire impersonates the actions of the characters, and how they view fire to be a negative or a positive force. The author successfully shows the various interpretations of fire through the development of Montag’s mind, and the same fire that h ad control over Montag before, will now assist him in creating a new intellectual world. Works Cited Primary Sources: Bradbury, Ray.Fahrenheit 451. Ed. Book Club. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967. http://lhsblogs.typepad.com/files/complete-text.pdf>. Secondary Sources: Varner, Gary. Fire Symbolism in Myth and Religion. AuthorsDen, 2009. Web. 12 July 2014. http://www.authorsden.com/categories/article_top.asp?catid=62id=43114>.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Right to Housing Under the Constitution of Kenya

RIGHT TO HOUSING UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA The right to housing comprises an intricate part in the realization of one of the most basic needs of a human being, shelter. Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that has attained the status of jus cogens due to its wide acceptance. Essential to the achievement of this standard is access to adequate housing. It has been said that housing fulfills physical needs by providing security and shelter from weather and climate.It fulfills psychological needs by providing a sense of personal space and privacy. It fulfills social needs by providing a gathering area and communal space for the human family, the basic unit of society. It also fulfills economic needs by functioning as a center for commercial production. Due to various factors including insufficient financial and natural resources, population growth, political upheavals, and rural- urban migration, a vast population of Kenyans especially those living in urban areas end up homeless or in informal settlements. Dr. P. L.O Lumumba in his speech during the World Habitat forum in 2004 described the lengths to which people unable to afford adequate housing go to provide shelter to themselves and their families. He said that some of them end up seeking refuge in, â€Å"slums areas, squatting in informal settlements, old buses, roadside embankments, cellars, staircases, rooftops, elevator enclosures, cages, cardboard boxes, plastic sheets, aluminum and tin shelter. † According to a UN Habitat study done in 2008, 60-80 percent of residents in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, live in informal settlements.In fact, the same study shows that while 60 percent of Nairobi’s populations live in informal settlements, their homes occupy only 5 percent of the total land area of the city and its environs. Although right to adequate shelter is a human right, this does not imply that the gov ernment is obliged to provide each of their citizens with land and an appropriate house to live in. This is dependent on the laws and policies of each individual country. In Kenya, the debate about the justifiability of housing and some other socio-economic rights seems to be over with the passing of the 2010 Constitution.This is because the constitution has provisions that seek to protect the provision of these rights to every citizen as will be discussed in the next part. 1. 1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 When Kenya gained independence in 1963, every Kenyan was relieved to have finally been freed from the yoke of colonialism. The independent Kenya adopted a constitution that had majorly British influence but that seemed to suffice during those early ‘teething years’. But as years passed by, the biting reality that the country had been taken over by neo-colonialists hit home.The independence constitution was not sufficient to protect the general public from the vici ous acts and decisions of those in power. There was need for constitutional reform. Kenyans have long struggled for constitutional reform. They struggled because they suffered under an oppressive system of government. Their human rights were suppressed. The power of the state was concentrated in one person, the president. First regions and then local governments were stripped of all their powers. At the center, the president dominated all institutions of the state. Cronyism substituted for politics.Merit counted for little. The law was frequently abused by the government and the exercise of power was unpredictable and arbitrary. The judiciary had failed to protect the constitution and the rights of the people. The civil service and other executive organs lost independence. There was corruption, plundering both of the state and a captive private sector, on a massive scale. The new constitution therefore had to be a document that remedies the shortcomings of the independence constitut ion. The drafters of the new Constitution aimed to restore the confidence of the citizens with their government.One of the salient features of the 2010 constitution is the incorporation of a strong and comprehensive Bill of Rights. It contains a number of rights, which were missing from the independence constitution, including rights to official information, environment, economic and social rights, and rights of consumers, et cetera. The 2010 Constitution strengthens the achievement of the human rights by limiting the restrictions that may be placed on rights and by establishing a strong mechanism for the enforcement of rights. It also provides for an independent commission of human rights to protect and promote rights and freedoms.Of importance to this research are the Economic and Social rights. Article 43 provides for each person’s right to: a) The highest attainable standard of health b) Accessibility and adequate housing and to reasonable standards of sanitation. c) Free dom from hunger and to have adequate food of acceptable quality. d) Clean and safe water in adequate quantities. e) Social Security. f) Education. Amongst this list of rights is the right to housing. Forced evictions of persons living in unplanned settlements and slums are a common feature of urban development.People living in these informal settlements live at the margins of society. Land is generally an expensive investment in Kenya therefore only a few can afford it. Those who cannot afford it opt to rent apartments or houses or rooms from property owners but there are some who cannot still afford this kind of arrangements and so set up their housing structures on any free land that they come across, regardless of whether it is private land or public land set out for other purposes. This latter group of people is the ones who fall victim to forced evictions.Article 2(5) and (6) of the constitution general rules of international law and any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya f orm part of the laws of Kenya. Kenya ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) on 3/1/1976 and consequently became bound to respect, protect and enforce the rights therein, including the right to adequate housing and the related prohibition of forced evictions. It is with this backing of the law that victims of forced evictions that are not conducted in the manner stipulated in both domestic law and international law are able to defend their right to housing through the courts. ——————————————- [ 2 ]. Article 25(1) which states in part, â€Å"Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [ 3 ]. Nicholas Okemwa, Forceful Evictions and the Right to Adequate Housing(2011)16 ; The Bench Bulletin 58 [ 4 ]. Dr. P. L. O Lumumba, Powers of Urban Authorities over Settlement Control: The Kenyan Case. He presented this paper during the world habitat forum organized by un-habitat held on the 13th –17th September 2004 at the Barcelona, Spain [ 5 ].Preliminary Results of the 2009, National Population and Housing Census. [ 6 ]. Draft Eviction an Resettlement Guidelines, 2010. [ 7 ]. Commentary on the Kenyan Constitution, (Consolidation of 15 articles in the East African Standard). [ 8 ]. Article 35 [ 9 ]. Article 42 [ 10 ]. Article 43 [ 11 ]. Article 46 [ 12 ]. Article 24 is the only article that provides for the specific procedure to be followed for a right contained in the Bill of Rights to be limited. This is unlike in the independence constitution where each right was immediately followed by a claw-back clause. [ 13 ]. Article 11

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Nature in the Rastafarian Consciousness Essay example

Nature in the Rastafarian Consciousness Living in harmony with the environment and the laws of Nature is one of the central ideas of Rastafarianism. To live in accordance with the Earth is to live in accordance with Jah; it is incorporated into the morality that is Rastafarian consciousness. The Rastas reverence for nature is influenced by the traditional African religions which are still practiced in Jamaica and which have also influenced Christianity on the island tremendously. Hinduism, too, has influenced many Rastafarian beliefs and practices. Through the Rastafarians calculated rejection of Western cultural norms they have come to realize capitalism and the environmental destruction it has caused as Babylon, a place of†¦show more content†¦Thus the religion of the slaves believed that,the entire realm of nature has been endowed with personal life; and every tree or plant, every river or stone, becomes a source of energy or power which may be used, abused, offended or destroyed (Morrish 17,1983.) Unlike in Haiti, where slaves wee virtually forced to accept Catholicism by the French, the British found their slaves to be unworthy of their religion. One hundred and sixty-one years after the British took over the Jamaican House of Assembly passed an act to bring Christianity into the lives of the slaves. However, opposition to the act was so strong among the British planters that no clergyman would risk the support of his parish in order to carry out the task. In fact, it was missionaries from outside of Jamaica that brought Christianity to the slaves. The Moravians, Methodists, and Baptists were the first to come. They were non traditional denominations that had exuberant services that fit into the excitement of Kumina ceremonies. What resulted from the influx of Christianity into the Afro-Jamaicans life was a religion that was basically a mix between the African tradition and the new Christianity (BarrettShow MoreRelatedBob Marley And The Wailers1654 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic genre that evolved from the Jamaican music style called ska, and was influenced by American rhythm and blues. Reggae contains many references Rastafarianism, which many consider the result of Bob Marley’s practice of integrating reggae with Rastafarian ideology. This paper serves to examine reggae, with special emphasis on a lyric analysis of Jamaican reggae band Bob Marley and the Wailers. The major question this paper addresses the social context that led to the dominance of social criticismRead More A Sociological View of Rastafarianism Essay3688 Words   |  15 PagesJamaicans believed, was compensation for the deplorable state in which they found themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Rastafarian way of living and their everyday activities began as a deviant social behavior, but rather was a routinization of the masses into one cohesive unit, following the same general creed under different principles. This point can be seen most specifically in the modern Rastafarian hairstyles. In â€Å"traditional Rastafarianism† most Rastas do not cut their hair but allow it to grow naturallyRead MoreA Sociological View of Rastafarianism3718 Words   |  15 Pagesunderrepresented Jamaicans believed, was compensation for the deplorable state in which they found themselves. The Rastafarian way of living and their everyday activities began as a deviant social behavior, but rather was a routinization of the masses into one cohesive unit, following the same general creed under different principles. This point can be seen most specifically in the modern Rastafarian hairstyles. In traditional Rastafarianism most Rastas do not cut their hair but allow it to grow naturallyRead MoreThe People Believe About Rastafarians2044 Words   |  9 PagesDespite what many people believe about Rastafarians, there are many misunderstandings. Many are set on calling any person that has dreadlocks, or anyone who lives away from the Rasta society. Reggae musicians, weed smokers and Jamaican lingo talkers are in the make beliefs of the Rastafarians. Clearly those exterior references only create a more confusing understanding of Rastafarians. For anyone to call themselves Rasta, one must know everything about their culture. Unlike other religions whereRead MoreThe Rastafari Mo vement: Seeking Understandig1727 Words   |  7 Pageshere familiar with the term Rastafarian? Could you provide some terms that come to mind when you think about Rastas? b. Reason to Listen: Unlike the popular negative conceptions, Rastafarianism is actually a movement that promotes positivity. c. Thesis statement: The Rastafari movement is a positive movement that promotes peace amongst all, self-respect, self -awareness, and respect for others. d. Credibility statement: I am of Jamaican and Rastafarian decent, and my family belongsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesleft blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a societyRead More Garveyism and Rastafarianism Essay3979 Words   |  16 Pagesin the aftermath of the First World War. Rastafarianism was the second movement to emerge, lead by Leonard Howell during the depression years of the 1930’s. Garveyism and Rastafarianism are both resistance movements based on the same ideal: consciousness and essentialism of Africa and its descendants. The founding brethren of the Rastafari movement were Garveyites themselves, although not members of the Universal Negro Improvement Asscioation (UNIA), they agreed with and defended the principalsRead MoreReggae Is Not Only A Type Of Music1560 Words   |  7 Pagesof popular culture, reggae is able to be found in many communities, such as Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Hawaiian and Pacific. Reggae has a very well known and well defined associated culture. It must be kept in mind the appeal of the Rastafarian ‘lifestyle’ associated with the reggae genre. For many youth in indigenous communities, this lifestyle may be seen as more attractive than the music itself, hence why the popularity of the gen re in countries where youth are displaced, disenfranchisedRead More Rastafarian Symbolism In The Visual Arts Essay5414 Words   |  22 PagesRastafarian Symbolism In The Visual Arts Works Cited Missing [NOTE: BECAUSE OF CONCERN ABOUT RIGHTS, WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO POST THE IMAGES THIS ESSAY REFERS TO] Art has the power of liberating man from certain drudgeries and their way of life. A man who was born in the ghetto cant afford to be a Sunday painter, his whole life is involved in getting across his ideas; Rastafarianism, politics, Black culture and all that. Even our meeting here now is an artistic involvement. Some peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Jan Johnsons The Soul Wound 1604 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup of nine Greek Goddesses who regulate the arts and sciences. It has often been used as a way to heal mental and emotional pain; â€Å"music speaks directly to the body through intuitive channels that are accessed at entirely different levels of consciousness from those associated with cognition† (The Music Effect.24). In Jan Johnson’s Soul Wound, Johnson discusses the historical trauma of Native Americans and the rage that is associated with it. This rage, as she later states, â€Å"is generally turned

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The First Agent Of The American Revolution - 966 Words

Our properties within our own territories [should not] be taxed or regulated by any power on earth but our own. -- Thomas Jefferson, 17741 The American Revolution was a war in which the thirteen colonies of Great Britain sought independence due to many unjust taxes and laws passed without their consent. The first agent of the revolution started in 1763 with the ending of the French and Indian War in which Great Britain conquered all of France’s holdings in North America. Consequently, this resulted in large amounts of debt for the British. The British decided that raising taxes on the colonies would allow them to acquire the needed funds. Document one reads â€Å" One of the first taxes imposed by the British parliament was commonly known as the Stamp Act. It required American colonists to pay fees for all kinds of printed documents.† The Colonists however, disagreed with this act. John Adams, a young lawyer in Massachusetts wrote a resolution protesting the new act. An excerpt from it found in document one reads: â€Å"This tax is unconstitutional. We have always understood it to be a grand and fundamental principal†¦that no†¦man should be subject to any tax which he has not given his own consent.† â€Å"If this new tax were allowed to pass without r esistance, the colonists reasoned, the door would be open for far more troublesome taxation in the future.† 2 The British parliament eventually repealed the tax, only to replace it with a new one called the Townshend Acts. Document twoShow MoreRelatedEssay on The First Red Scare1651 Words   |  7 Pagesend Russia was focusing on internal issues. Led by Vladimir Lenin the Bolsheviks embarked on a campaign against the war. Using propaganda which focused on trying to turn the allied troops against their officers Lenin looked to inspire a socialist revolution. The Bolsheviks were also fueled by the poor conditions of the Russian Army. Nicholas II, in a letter to his wife Alexandra, admitted the obstacles that the Russian Army faced, Again that cursed question of shortage of artillery and rifle ammunitionRead MoreEvents Of The American Revolution1264 Words   |  6 PagesEvents That Led to The American Revolution Throughout history there has been many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, TheRead MoreEssay on Comparing The French Revolution and The American Revolution1339 Words   |  6 PagesA revolution, by definition, is the overthrow of one government followed by replacement with another. The American Revolution against the British during 1775 to 1783 and the French Revolution pitting the French people against their own government during 1789 to 1799 were both very important political and social turnovers. This movement towards the establishment of a constitutional government influenced political thought throughout the world. By closely examining three of the main causes of theseRead MoreThe Spies Of The Revolution1571 Words   |  7 Pages Spies of the Revolution The American’s and the British had many tactics to solving the enemy’s plans. One way of solving this was hiring Spies. Spies did everything from joining the enemy’s army, to volunteering to go behind enemy lines. Spies would risk anything to get the enemy’s plan. The Spies of the Revolution were very important because they helped figure out enemy plans, were willing to risk it all, and used secret coding to communicate. Spies were not only usedRead MoreThe French And Indian War1337 Words   |  6 Pageshistory there has been many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, The Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. The French and IndianRead MoreRelations Between Iran And The Middle East1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most controversial foreign policy operations of the United States, Operation Ajax. Although Operation Ajax happened sixty years ago, its consequences had immediate and lasting effects on both Iran and American-Iranian relations. I will argue that the coup led to the 1979 Islamic revolution and consequently put into motion the strained relations between Iran and the United States; it also had significant effects on both the United States’ and Iran’s political history. I will cement my argumentRead MoreThe Palmer Shootings During The 1920s819 Words   |  4 Pagessuspected radicals in thirty-three cities were arrested and charged with anarchy without evidence. The cause for their imprisonment happened to be an effect from the Palmer Raids. Numerous Americans felt the Palmer Raids were in relation to past disasters such as: the Red Scare, May Day, and the Bolshevik Rev olution. In June 1919, several cities were bombed. Including the home of Attorney General of the United States, A. Mitchell Palmer. The raids were conducted in the following cities: ClevelandRead MoreParallel Wars in History1304 Words   |  6 Pagesform of the American Revolution. In order to understand the validity of that statement one must understand the French and foreign influences, the might of the British and United States, how the wars were fought, geography, and politics used in both wars. By understanding these one can come up with a working definition of revolution and the similarities between the two conflicts which span over 150 years between the two. To understand both conflicts one must first understand that revolution is not aRead MoreEvents Of The American Revolution1415 Words   |  6 PagesEvents That Led to the American Revolution Throughout history there has been many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, TheRead MoreHistorical Events And Their Impact On The World952 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrial Revolution during the 18th to 19th century, the Industrialization of the 20th century, World War I and World War II, all left traces and have greatly impacted the way we live in today particularly out living standard. The goal of the paper is to discuss the effects of these historical events on the way we live in terms of living standards. The First Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution during the 18th to 19th century was referred to as the First Industrial Revolution, which was